Currency 5000 Dollar Bill Npresident James Madison On The Front Of A US Five Thousand Dollar Note 1934 Poster Print by (18 x 24) Brand: Posterazzi $32.83 $ 32 . 83The largest denomination printed today is $100.00, so owning these rare, large-denomination bills is an accomplishment among collectors. Available here in Very Fine Condition. Take your collection to the next level with these amazing pieces of history! President Cleveland on the $1000 Note. President McKinley on the $500 Note. 1928 5,000 dollar bills are scarcer than 1934s. Right now there are just under two dozen 1928 $5,000 bills known to exist; these come from five of the nine districts. The 1928 series does carry a small premium over other five thousand dollar bills from 1934. 1934 $5,000 bills were printed for all twelve Federal Reserves banks except for ... Nov 7, 2022 · See answer (1) Best Answer. Copy. James Madison is in a 5000 dollar bill because he is our 4th president and he wrote Virginia 's plan! Wiki User. ∙ 7y ago. This answer is: The portrait of Abraham Lincoln has appeared on the five-dollar bill since 1914. Like other federal reserve notes, the five-dollar bill is composed of one-fourth linen and three-fourths cotton. Look closely, the five-dollar bill also contains red and blue security fibers. Cost to produce: 11.5 cents; Average lifespan: 5.5 yearsBills that are higher than $20 might not be accepted at a local liquor store, but there was a time when you could have used a $1,000,000 bill to pay for your beer of the month club. So what is the story behind those large-denomination bills like the $1 million dollar note and the $100,000 note that used to be issued by the US government? The U.S. government periodically redesigns Federal Reserve notes to make them easier to use, but more difficult to counterfeit. It is U.S. government policy that all designs of U.S currency remain legal tender, regardless of when they were issued. This policy includes all denominations of Federal Reserve notes, from 1914 to the present.Today, every $1 bill has a Federal Reserve District Seal. It's a one- or two-digit number that appears in the corner of the bill four different times (this dollar shows a No. 2). The numbers indicate which Federal Reserve Bank actually printed the bill. A No. 2, for example, means it was printed in New York.They switched to small size in 1929 and are the only type of currency in circulation today in the United States. They were originally printed in denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000. The $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 denominations were last printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill ... Sep 20, 2022 · A poor condition $10,000 may still be worth $30,000. The $500 and $1,000 bills are more common, and as of 2009, there are 342 remaining $5,000 bills, around 165,000 remaining $1,000 bills left. High denomination bills were discontinued in 1969 due to a number of reasons (technology being one of them). AC 1934A $1000 Chicago ONE THOUSAND DOLLAR BILL PCGS 20 apparent. $2,499.00. 1934 Federal Reserve San francisco ONE THOUSAND DOLLAR BILL . CERTIFIED by PCGS. $3,901.00. 0 bids. Free shipping. 2h 36m.A $1,000-dollar bill has a face value of $1,000 and is printed on 24-millimeters thick paper. However, the government stopped printing all large denomination bills such as the $1,000 bills by 1946 and took them out of circulation in 1969. The original purpose of the $1,000 dollar bill was to help facilitate large transactions between banks and ...Paper. Federal Reserve note paper is one-fourth linen and three-fourths cotton, and contains red and blue security fibers. The $1 Federal Reserve note was issued in 1963, and its design—featuring President George Washington and the Great Seal of the United States—remains unchanged.Sep 20, 2022 · A poor condition $10,000 may still be worth $30,000. The $500 and $1,000 bills are more common, and as of 2009, there are 342 remaining $5,000 bills, around 165,000 remaining $1,000 bills left. High denomination bills were discontinued in 1969 due to a number of reasons (technology being one of them). Aug 28, 2022 · President Grover Cleveland’s face appears on the $1,000 bill, which like the $500 bill dates to 1918. Hamilton’s face initially appeared on the denomination. The Fed and Treasury discontinued the $1,000 bill in 1969. It was last printed in 1945, but the Treasury says Americans continue to hold the notes. Sep 7, 2017 · There are some listings on eBay right now for as much as $900! While you're at it, you might want to check out any $100 bills you have, too. When the $100 bill was redesigned in October 2013 ... A 5,000-Dollar Bill is 5,000 dollars. Fandom Apps Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat.There are some listings on eBay right now for as much as $900! While you're at it, you might want to check out any $100 bills you have, too. When the $100 bill was redesigned in October 2013 ...Nov 18, 2021 · The largest notes to have been in circulation are the $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 dollar bills, although all are becoming increasingly rare. ... "The $500 bill was discontinued in 1969, the ... How many twenty dollar bills are in two thousand dollars? 100 $20 bills. How many twenty dollar bills equal one thousand dollars? 50.May 26, 2023 · This article may contain affiliate links. For details, visit our Affiliate Disclosure page. Introduction: In the realm of American currency, the higher denominations often hold an air of mystique and intrigue. While the $1, $5, $10, and $20 bills are easily recognizable to most, there exists a rare gem among them: the $5000 bill. Seemingly shrouded in […] Who is on the $1000 000 dollar bill? Grover Cleveland is the President on $1,000 one thousand dollar bill. $1,000 bill has President Cleveland on the front and "The United States of America" printed on the back. Last printed in 1940s, the one thousand dollar bill notes were mostly used to transactions between banks, not people.The United States one-hundred-dollar bill ( $100) is a denomination of United States currency. The first United States Note with this value was issued in 1862 and the Federal Reserve Note version was first produced in 1914. [2] Inventor and U.S. Founding Father Benjamin Franklin has been featured on the obverse of the bill since 1914, [3] which ... 4.64%. Source. [1], Nov 2019. The Jamaican dollar ( sign: $; code: JMD) has been the currency of Jamaica since 1969. It is often abbreviated to J$, the J serving to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents, although cent denominations are no longer in use as of 2018. Excellent 1934-A St. Louis, Missouri $500 Five Hundred Dollar Bill Currency. $2,499.99. $8.55 shipping. 11 watching.Feb 4, 2021 · The faces on every U.S. bill in circulation include five American presidents and two founding fathers. They are all men: The faces on larger denominations that are out of circulation—the $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 bills—are also those of men who served as president and Treasury secretary. The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.The Bank of Jamaica started issuing these 5000 Jamaican Dollar banknotes in 2009. They are currently still in circulation. Jamaica’s highest value banknote is the J$5,000 dollars bill. The portrait on the five thousand Jamaican dollars bill is that of Hugh Shearer, trade union leader and the third Prime Minister of Jamaica.Who is on the $1000 000 dollar bill? Grover Cleveland is the President on $1,000 one thousand dollar bill. $1,000 bill has President Cleveland on the front and "The United States of America" printed on the back. Last printed in 1940s, the one thousand dollar bill notes were mostly used to transactions between banks, not people.The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.4.64%. Source. [1], Nov 2019. The Jamaican dollar ( sign: $; code: JMD) has been the currency of Jamaica since 1969. It is often abbreviated to J$, the J serving to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents, although cent denominations are no longer in use as of 2018. Latest update as of April 2016: US Treasury announced plan to put Harriet Tubman on the front of the $20 Bill. Current: President on $20 twenty dollar bill: Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson is also president on one dollar coin. Picture of $20 dollar bill. President on $50 fifty dollar bill: Ulysses S. Grant.1928 $10,000 Federal Reserve Note. There are only eight 1928 series $10,000 Federal Reserve notes known to exist today, and two of them are in museums. The 1928 $10,000 notes issued from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are worth around $115,000 in very fine condition. In extremely fine condition the value is around $225,000.Jun 15, 2019 · Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln has graced the $5 bill since 1914, though various other presidents were on its predecessor notes, including Andrew Jackson and Ulysses S. Grant. Lincoln has also been on the penny since 1909. Because of the cost of copper, pennies actually cost almost twice as much to make as they're worth. The Seven Denominations. The Federal Reserve Board currently issues $1 , $2 , $5 , $10 , $20 , $50 , and $100 notes . Click on the notes below to learn more about their design and security features. The new $20 bill was first issued on October 9, 2003; the new $50 on September 28, 2004; the new $10 bill on March 2, 2006; the new $5 bill on March 13, 2008; the new $100 bill on October 8, 2013. The one and two dollar bills still remain small portrait, unchanged, and not watermarked.The Redesigned $5 Note. The new-design $5 note features subtle background colors of light purple and gray. The $5 note includes an embedded security thread that glows blue when illuminated by UV light. Two watermarks are featured in the $5 note, which are visible from both sides of the note when held to light. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Overview and history [ edit ] Large-denomination currency (i.e., banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher) [1] had been used in the United States since the late 18th century. [2]Federal Reserve note paper is one-fourth linen and three-fourths cotton, and contains red and blue security fibers. The back of the $2 Federal Reserve note features an engraving of John Trumbull's painting, “ Declaration of Independence .”. Although the original painting depicts 47 men, space constraints meant that only 42 could appear on ...What Is the Value of a $1,000 Bill? Even though the thousand dollar bill has been discontinued for more than 50 years, it’s still considered legal tender. This means that any thousand dollar bill you find is worth at least face value, or $1,000. However, most of these bills are collectors’ items and are worth much more than face value.These green seal notes ($500 bills with the green seal are often called Federal Reserve notes) bear the portrait of William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States.Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln has graced the $5 bill since 1914, though various other presidents were on its predecessor notes, including Andrew Jackson and Ulysses S. Grant. Lincoln has also been on the penny since 1909. Because of the cost of copper, pennies actually cost almost twice as much to make as they're worth.1928 5,000 dollar bills are scarcer than 1934s. Right now there are just under two dozen 1928 $5,000 bills known to exist; these come from five of the nine districts. The 1928 series does carry a small premium over other five thousand dollar bills from 1934. 1934 $5,000 bills were printed for all twelve Federal Reserves banks except for ...Paper. Federal Reserve note paper is one-fourth linen and three-fourths cotton, and contains red and blue security fibers. The $1 Federal Reserve note was issued in 1963, and its design—featuring President George Washington and the Great Seal of the United States—remains unchanged.This article may contain affiliate links. For details, visit our Affiliate Disclosure page. Introduction: In the realm of American currency, the higher denominations often hold an air of mystique and intrigue. While the $1, $5, $10, and $20 bills are easily recognizable to most, there exists a rare gem among them: the $5000 bill. Seemingly shrouded in […]The portrait of Abraham Lincoln has appeared on the five-dollar bill since 1914. Like other federal reserve notes, the five-dollar bill is composed of one-fourth linen and three-fourths cotton. Look closely, the five-dollar bill also contains red and blue security fibers. Cost to produce: 11.5 cents; Average lifespan: 5.5 yearsA bill that is worth around the $8,000 to $10,000 mark. Rarer notes in excellent condition can be over $100,000. 1907 $1000 Gold Certificate Bill and 1922 $1000 Gold Certificate Bill. These bills are worth between $10,000 and $30,000 based on their condition. Rarer bills can go for over $100,000 in some cases. Banknotes of the Canadian dollar. Banknotes of the Canadian dollar are the banknotes or bills (in common lexicon) of Canada, denominated in Canadian dollars (CAD, C$, or $ locally). Currently, they are issued in $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations. All current notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, which released its first series of ... The largest denomination printed today is $100.00, so owning these rare, large-denomination bills is an accomplishment among collectors. Available here in Very Fine Condition. Take your collection to the next level with these amazing pieces of history! President Cleveland on the $1000 Note. President McKinley on the $500 Note.Jun 2, 2016 · My Favorite Bill – The Badass Bald Eagle of the $10,000. This is hands down, my favorite bill. First, it’s $10,000 issued in 1878. The BLS’ CPI calculator only goes back to 1913 and $10k in 1913 is about a quarter-million today. Imagine walking around with a quarter-million-dollar bill in your pocket! Next, just look at this bad boy: The Seven Denominations. The Federal Reserve Board currently issues $1 , $2 , $5 , $10 , $20 , $50 , and $100 notes . Click on the notes below to learn more about their design and security features. The United States one-hundred-dollar bill ( $100) is a denomination of United States currency. The first United States Note with this value was issued in 1862 and the Federal Reserve Note version was first produced in 1914. [2] Inventor and U.S. Founding Father Benjamin Franklin has been featured on the obverse of the bill since 1914, [3] which ... The Bank of Jamaica started issuing these 5000 Jamaican Dollar banknotes in 2009. They are currently still in circulation. Jamaica’s highest value banknote is the J$5,000 dollars bill. The portrait on the five thousand Jamaican dollars bill is that of Hugh Shearer, trade union leader and the third Prime Minister of Jamaica. Sep 20, 2022 · A poor condition $10,000 may still be worth $30,000. The $500 and $1,000 bills are more common, and as of 2009, there are 342 remaining $5,000 bills, around 165,000 remaining $1,000 bills left. High denomination bills were discontinued in 1969 due to a number of reasons (technology being one of them). The five thousand dollar bill featuring a portrait of James Madison was printed for the 1928 and 1934 series. These notes are scarce and it is currently thought that there are no more than 342 that have escaped destruction by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The Seven Denominations. The Federal Reserve Board currently issues $1 , $2 , $5 , $10 , $20 , $50 , and $100 notes . Click on the notes below to learn more about their design and security features.May 26, 2023 · This article may contain affiliate links. For details, visit our Affiliate Disclosure page. Introduction: In the realm of American currency, the higher denominations often hold an air of mystique and intrigue. While the $1, $5, $10, and $20 bills are easily recognizable to most, there exists a rare gem among them: the $5000 bill. Seemingly shrouded in […] What Is the Value of a $1,000 Bill? Even though the thousand dollar bill has been discontinued for more than 50 years, it’s still considered legal tender. This means that any thousand dollar bill you find is worth at least face value, or $1,000. However, most of these bills are collectors’ items and are worth much more than face value.The 100,000 dollar bill is a banknote of the United States that was printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing from 1934 to 1935. It was never publicly circulated and was only used for transactions between Federal Reserve Banks. With a face value of 100,000 dollars, it is the highest-denominated piece of paper money ever produced by the United States. The note technically still holds the ... The U.S. government periodically redesigns Federal Reserve notes to make them easier to use, but more difficult to counterfeit. It is U.S. government policy that all designs of U.S currency remain legal tender, regardless of when they were issued. This policy includes all denominations of Federal Reserve notes, from 1914 to the present.Bills that are higher than $20 might not be accepted at a local liquor store, but there was a time when you could have used a $1,000,000 bill to pay for your beer of the month club. So what is the story behind those large-denomination bills like the $1 million dollar note and the $100,000 note that used to be issued by the US government?There sure are, but don't expect to find a $500 bill the next time you make an ATM withdrawal. The Treasury announced on July 14, 1969, that it would quit issuing the $500, $1,000, $5,000, and ...Since the $10,000 dollar bill is so rare, it’s worth much more than $10,000. However, don’t take it to a bank. You’ll receive $10,000 in return. According to the research, it is estimated that only less than 350 of the $10,000 bills are in circulation today. Going into depth, only 8 of the 1928 bills are known to exist.Apr 1, 2021 · Today, every $1 bill has a Federal Reserve District Seal. It's a one- or two-digit number that appears in the corner of the bill four different times (this dollar shows a No. 2). The numbers indicate which Federal Reserve Bank actually printed the bill. A No. 2, for example, means it was printed in New York. The largest notes to have been in circulation are the $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 dollar bills, although all are becoming increasingly rare. ... "The $500 bill was discontinued in 1969, the ...Jul 20, 2023 · The United States dollar is the official currency of the U.S. Learn about the bills and coins that make up U.S. currency. American paper currency comes in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. The United States no longer issues bills in larger denominations, such as $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 bills. Seven-of-a-Kind Dollar Bill. A seven-of-a-kind serial number has seven numbers repeated. It is significantly rarer than the 01 binary with only 0.7 percent of dollar bills with this pattern. Five-of-a-kind dollar bills are also worth some money, but significantly less at only around $20 to $30.There are some listings on eBay right now for as much as $900! While you're at it, you might want to check out any $100 bills you have, too. When the $100 bill was redesigned in October 2013 ...Mar 19, 2023 · The 50 dollar bill is Ulysses S. Grant. The 100 dollar bill is Benjamin Franklin. The 500 dollar bill is William Mckinley. The 1,000 dollar bill is Grover Cleveland. The 5,000 dollar bill is James ... Key Takeaways. In addition to the $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 bills, there have been other U.S. banknotes in circulation. There are still 1.4 billion $2 notes in circulation. Today, a $500 or ...1928 $10,000 Federal Reserve Note. There are only eight 1928 series $10,000 Federal Reserve notes known to exist today, and two of them are in museums. The 1928 $10,000 notes issued from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are worth around $115,000 in very fine condition. In extremely fine condition the value is around $225,000.Dec 3, 2020 · The Bank of Canada is removing the one and two dollars bills from circulation along with the $25 and the $500 bills, which were printed in 1935 and discontinued shortly afterwards. Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln has graced the $5 bill since 1914, though various other presidents were on its predecessor notes, including Andrew Jackson and Ulysses S. Grant. Lincoln has also been on the penny since 1909. Because of the cost of copper, pennies actually cost almost twice as much to make as they're worth.Currency 5000 Dollar Bill Npresident James Madison On The Front Of A US Five Thousand Dollar Note 1934 Poster Print by (18 x 24) Brand: Posterazzi $32.83 $ 32 . 83 Who Is on the 5000 Dollar Bill? President James Madison was featured on most 5,000 dollar bill series. There were several different series but Madison was featured on the most issued series, the ones that are still in existence today.Find Who Is On The 5000 Dollar Bill stock video, 4k footage, and other HD footage from iStock. Great video footage that you won't find anywhere else.The large majority of 1934 $10,000 bills known to exist are from the New York district. Most of ten thousand dollar bills come from the Binion Hoard. A typical symptom of a Binion note is poor centering and repaired mounting damage. $10,000 Bill Star Notes: Star notes were not printed for the 1928 or 1934 $10,000 bill series.Understanding the $5,000 Bill and Why It's so Rare (With . Preview. 5 hours ago The dollar 5000 bills were firstly issued during the revolutionary war. it was issued to finance the revolutionary war, and the government officially printed it due to the start of the civil war. In 1969 the president of the United States Richard Nixon recalled ...5000 Dollar Bill royalty-free images. 1,097 5000 dollar bill stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. See 5000 dollar bill stock video clips. Fictional obverse and reverse of a gold certificate with a face value of 5000 dollars. US paper money. Historical Currency. $5,000 Note (Blue Seal) Currency. Circulating Currency. The Buck Starts Here: How Money is Made. Currency Redesign. Serial Numbers. Quality Assurance. History.Understanding the $5,000 Bill and Why It's so Rare (With . Preview. 5 hours ago The dollar 5000 bills were firstly issued during the revolutionary war. it was issued to finance the revolutionary war, and the government officially printed it due to the start of the civil war. In 1969 the president of the United States Richard Nixon recalled ... This guide covers $2 bill from 1862 all the way up to 1963. Bills from 1963 are $2 red seal legal tenders, and most are worth only $2 to $8 depending on condition. In some instances, bills with rare serial numbers will make the bills worth a lot more. We wrote a whole guide on fancy serial numbers you can view here.See answer (1) Best Answer. Copy. James Madison is in a 5000 dollar bill because he is our 4th president and he wrote Virginia 's plan! Wiki User. ∙ 7y ago. This answer is:1928 $500 Federal Reserve Note. Circulated 1928 five hundred dollar bills are worth at least $1,000. Uncirculated bills are worth several thousand dollars. Bills with a light-colored seal, a star symbol, or low serial number, will be worth at least $1,500 with the right combination being worth over $10,000.In short, more than $500, but the amount varies depending on a number of factors. If it’s a standard $500 bill and the paper is in good shape rather than tattered and worn, it can be worth anywhere from $650 to $800. However, if there’s something special about the $500 bill, it can be worth much more. For example, the BEP printed a gold ...
The new $20 bill was first issued on October 9, 2003; the new $50 on September 28, 2004; the new $10 bill on March 2, 2006; the new $5 bill on March 13, 2008; the new $100 bill on October 8, 2013. The one and two dollar bills still remain small portrait, unchanged, and not watermarked.. Stop and shop delivery near me
1934 $5,000 Five Thousand Dollar FRN Bill - $5000 - PCGS Banknote CHOICE VF 35. $199,000.00. or Best Offer. 134 watching. Paradoxically, while basically every $5,000 bill in circulation will command a very high price, their peak won’t be as high as those of smaller notes, like the $100 bill that went for over 2 million dollars. Still, you will be hard pressed to find a $5,000 bill that sells for less than $100,000 nowadays. Such is the demand for these rare bills.They switched to small size in 1929 and are the only type of currency in circulation today in the United States. They were originally printed in denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000. The $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 denominations were last printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill ... A bill that is worth around the $8,000 to $10,000 mark. Rarer notes in excellent condition can be over $100,000. 1907 $1000 Gold Certificate Bill and 1922 $1000 Gold Certificate Bill. These bills are worth between $10,000 and $30,000 based on their condition. Rarer bills can go for over $100,000 in some cases.Three cent fractional postage currency. The spread of slavery meant lower profits and wages in the North. $10,000 bill featuring the portrait of Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase. $10 Confederate States of America note, 1863. Monthly Return of Clothing, Camp and Garrison Equipage (receipt).The U.S. government periodically redesigns Federal Reserve notes to make them easier to use, but more difficult to counterfeit. It is U.S. government policy that all designs of U.S currency remain legal tender, regardless of when they were issued. This policy includes all denominations of Federal Reserve notes, from 1914 to the present.President Grover Cleveland’s face appears on the $1,000 bill, which like the $500 bill dates to 1918. Hamilton’s face initially appeared on the denomination. The Fed and Treasury discontinued the $1,000 bill in 1969. It was last printed in 1945, but the Treasury says Americans continue to hold the notes.The highest value of denomination currently in production is the $100 bill, but in decades past, the Federal Reserve has issued $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and even $100,000 bills. The $1,000 bill’s ...1928 5,000 dollar bills are scarcer than 1934s. Right now there are just under two dozen 1928 $5,000 bills known to exist; these come from five of the nine districts. The 1928 series does carry a small premium over other five thousand dollar bills from 1934. 1934 $5,000 bills were printed for all twelve Federal Reserves banks except for ... The dollar unit of account therefore acted as a convenient intermediary conversion unit between sterling and the outgoing guilder unit. The dollar unit was equivalent to 4 shillings 2 pence sterling and replaced the guilder unit at a rate of 1 dollar = 3 + 1 ⁄ 8 guilders, i.e. £1 = $4.80 = 15 guilders. Federal Reserve note paper is one-fourth linen and three-fourths cotton, and contains red and blue security fibers. The back of the $2 Federal Reserve note features an engraving of John Trumbull's painting, “ Declaration of Independence .”. Although the original painting depicts 47 men, space constraints meant that only 42 could appear on ...Who Is on the 5000 Dollar Bill? President James Madison was featured on most 5,000 dollar bill series. There were several different series but Madison was featured on the most issued series, the ones that are still in existence today..
